A wide spectrum of hexagon eighth mode substrate for C, S and X band applications

Abstract

The following article explains how to make a basic ultra-wide bandwidth (UBW) wearable fractal antenna. The antenna is printed on denim fabric with a dielectric constant of 1.7 and a loss tangent of 0.02. The suggested antenna is 45 x 44.92 x 0.5 mm3.  The antenna is fed by an inserted microstrip line with a decreased ground structure. It operates at ultrawide band frequencies of 4.36  GHz to 11.12 GHz. The antenna offers an omnidirectional radiation pattern with a gain of more than 2.4 dBi across the entire working band. It achieves a bandwidth of 6767 MHz. The proposed antenna possesses key characteristics such as a simple structure, ease of fabrication, stable omnidirectional radiation pattern, reasonable gain, and directivity, which make it suitable for applications in the  C, S, and X bands.